Dictionaries and Synonyms

What you don't know about dictionaries can kill your
writing1. A word having the same or nearly the same
The idea of synonyms can trick you into using ameaning as another word or other words in a
"lightening bug" instead of calling down the "lightening"language.
- As Mark Twain will explain in a moment.2. A word or an expression that serves as a
A writer's resources should include a good dictionary,figurative or symbolic substitute for another.
better yet, a shelf full of different ones. These3. Biology. A scientific name of an organism or of a
books should be our best friends and one of ourtaxonomic group that has been superseded by
most important tools. But they have a few flawsanother name at the same rank.
that can lead a writer to a warped understanding of4. [Middle English sinonyme, from Old French
the nature of words.synonyme, from Latin synnymum, from Greek
One problem is that they specialize in associating thesunnumon, from neuter of sunnumos, synonymous.
meaning of different words, rather thanSee SYNONYMOUS.]
differentiating them.The word Synonymous literally means - same name.
Diction-aries were originally introduced in the 1700's inBut since we are talking about words that are
an attempt to standardize the pronunciation and"different" having "different names" isn't it logical to
spelling of words, hence the name "diction-ary". Theassume that they have "different meanings".
suffix "ary" means "having to do with" and the wordIt's just as important, if not more so, to focus on
"diction" originally meant simply "word".their "differences" rather than their "similarities".
As time moved on the word "diction" took on twoIf the "different" words didn't represent different
shades of meaning: one having to do with wordconcepts or ideas - why would they exist?
selection and the other having to do with theIs there any reason to have multiple sound symbols
pronunciation of words. Neither, you will notice, have(a.k.a. words) that all stand for exactly the same
anything to do with the meanings of words. But asthing?
time continued to move forward the purpose ofI don't think so!
dictionaries was expanded to include reporting theThe definition of Synonyms should be changed to
common meanings of words as used by writers.mean - "too stupid or lazy to differentiate the
Click the link below "Oxford English Dictionary" tomeanings of - the two or more words in question".
read more about the wacky history of dictionaries.Many times the key differences in the meanings of
The point is that dictionaries were created by men,words (even the same word with different
not god, and they can be and often are wrong; anddefinitions) have to do with "time" or "action".
one of those cases is in the area of "synonyms".Eskimos have about 100 words for "snow". But just
Many definitions include a list of synonyms such as:try telling him that all these different words mean the
"Synonyms: propose, pose, propound, submit. Thesame thing - he'd think you were nuts. Because he
central meaning shared by these verbs is to presentknows that those different words represent very
something for consideration or discussion: propose adifferent types of snow. And each type of snow
solution to a problem; a situation posing manydemands different actions on his part.
questions and problems; propound a theory;His very survival depends on differentiating the types
submitting a plan."of snow, not associating them and certainly not
It's fine to talk about similarities but if you're going tocalling them the same thing or "synonymous".
do so then you should also talk about differences.Mark Twain said, "The difference between the
No, we are not talking about antonyms (words thatalmost right word & the right word is really a large
mean the opposite of each other). What thematter - it's the difference between the lightning bug
dictionary should be saying is, "these are theand the lightning."- Letter to George Bainton, 10/15
similarities and these are the differences between1888
these words."It doesn't sound like Mr. Twain believed in words
That would lead to a much better understanding."...having the same or nearly the same meaning as
Instead one could get the idea that dictionaryanother word..."
publishers are trying to associate the language downTwain was noted for his careful selection of words;
to make is simpler.which might explain why he so often called down the
Perhaps - if they can remove enough words fromlightening.
the language by calling them Synonyms - they believeThis article regarding the Oxford English Dictionary is
they can solve the illiteracy problem.an interesting study in the wacky history of
One popular dictionary defined the word synonymdictionaries
this way:Write on...
Synonym, noun